review of hierarchical spatial planning system in switzerland

at the beginning of the twentieth century, most countries in response to the complexities and problems of urbanization began their first actions of spatial planning. switzerland is not excluded from this list and started spatial planning acts from the lowest level and today, after more than a century, is continuing with emphasis on spatial planning principles of sustainability, public and private partnerships and using extensive modeling and simulation techniques and progress. the purpose of this article is to introduce spatial planning system in this country, and consists of three main sections: the first section is a brief introduction on the political, geographical, economical and social situations. in the second section, it examines the background, and difficulties of spatial planning system and section three has put forth some conclusions. swiss spatial planning system is done in three levels: confederation, canton and communes with emphasis on vertical and horizontal corporation at different levels of planning and autonomy of cantons.